Renal System: Lecture 1 Overview

||RENAL SYSTEM (LECTURE # 1)|| 1. RENAL EMBRYOLOGY (Kidney Embryology, Potter Sequence, Horseshoe Kidney, Congenital Solitary Functioning Kidney-Unilateral Renal Agenesis & Multi cystic dysplastic Kidneys, Duplex Collecting System, Posterior Urethral valves, Vesicoureteral Reflex) 2. RENAL ANATOMY (Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Anatomy, Course of Ureters) 3. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (Fluid Compartment, Glomerular Filtration Barrier, Renal Clearance, Glomerular filtration rate, Renal Blood Flow autoregulation, Filtration, Changes in Glomerular dynamics)

||RENAL SYSTEM (LECTURE # 2)|| ||RENAL PHYSIOLOGY|| 1. Renal Transport Physiology 2. Renal Tubular Defects (Fanconi Syndrome, Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman Syndrome, Liddle Syndrome, Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess-SAME) 3. Features of Renal Disorders 4. Renin-Angiotensinogen Aldosterone System 5. Kidney Endocrine/Paracrine Functions 6. Hormones acting on Kidney 7. Potassium Shifts

||RENAL SYSTEM (LECTURE # 3)|| 1. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY a. Acid-Base Physiology b. Acidosis and Alkalosis c. Renal Tubular Acidosis (Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis type 1, Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis type Hyperkalemic Tubular Acidosis type 4) ||RENAL PATHOLOGY|| 1. Nephrotic Syndrome (Minimal Change Disease, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Membranous Nephropathy, Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, Diabetes Mellitus, Systemic Amyloidosis)

||RENAL SYSTEM (LECTURE # 4)|| ||RENAL PATHOLOGY|| 1. Casts in Urine (RBC Cast, WBC Cast, Granular Cast, Fatty Cast, Waxy Casts, Hyaline Casts) 2. Nomenclature of Glomerular Disorders (Focal, Diffuse, Proliferative, Membranous, Primary Glomerular Disease, Secondary Glomerular Disease) 3. Overview of Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome 4. Nephritic Syndrome (Infection-related glomerulonephritis, IgA Nephropathy/Berger Disease, Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis, Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis, Alport Syndrome, Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis) 5. Acute Kidney Injury 6. Acute Interstitial Nephritis 7. Acute Tubular Necrosis 8. Diffuse Cortical Necrosis 9. Renal Papillary Necrosis 10. Consequences of Renal Failure

||RENAL SYSTEM (LECTURE # 5)|| ||RENAL PATHOLOGY|| 1. Kidney Stones (Calcium, Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate, Uric Acid, Cystine) 2. Hydronephrosis 3. Acute Cystitis 4. Pyelonephritis (Acute Pyelonephritis and Chronic Pyelonephritis) 5. Urinary Incontinence (Stress Incontinence, Urgency Incontinence, Overflow Incontinence)

||RENAL SYSTEM (LECTURE # 6) Part 1|| RENAL PATHOLOGY 1. Renal Osteodystrophy 2. Renal Cyst Disorders (Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease, Simple vs Complex Renal Cysts) 3. Renovascular Disease 4. Renal Carcinomas (Renal Cell Carcinoma, Renal Oncocytoma, Nephroblastoma, Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Bladder)

||RENAL SYSTEM (LECTURE 6 PART-2)|| ||RENAL PHARMACOLOGY|| 1. Loop Diuretics 2. Ethacrynic Acid 3. Mannitol 4. Acetazolamide 5. Thiazide Diuretics 6. Potassium-Sparing Diuretics 7. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 8, Angiotensin Il Receptor Blockers 9. Aliskiren